See Byzantine on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰuǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuǵ-"
],
[
"*būzas",
"Reconstruction:Thracian/būzas"
],
[
"Βῡ́ζᾱς",
"Βύζας#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"-ῐος",
"-ιος#Ancient_Greek:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ῐον",
"-ιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον",
"Βυζάντιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Bȳzantium",
"Byzantium#Latin"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-iHnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives_of_materials"
],
[
"*-īnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-īnos"
],
[
"-īnus",
"-inus#Latin"
],
[
"bȳzantīnus",
"byzantinus#Latin"
],
[
"bȳzantīnus",
"byzantinus#Latin"
],
[
"Bȳzantium",
"Byzantium#Latin"
],
[
"Βυζάντιον",
"Βυζάντιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"palace intrigue",
"palace intrigue"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-lat:bȳzantīnus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-der.\nThracian *būzasder.\nAncient Greek Βῡ́ζᾱς (Bū́zās)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)\nAncient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon)bor.\nLatin Bȳzantium\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnus\nLate Latin bȳzantīnusder.\nEnglish Byzantine\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuǵ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Thracian\", \"term\" : \"*būzas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"txh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"Βῡ́ζᾱς\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"Bȳzantium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"bȳzantīnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Byzantine\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Byzantine\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "bȳzantīnus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin bȳzantīnus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Βυζάντιον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-der.\nThracian *būzasder.\nAncient Greek Βῡ́ζᾱς (Bū́zās)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)\nAncient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon)bor.\nLatin Bȳzantium\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnus\nLate Latin bȳzantīnusder.\nEnglish Byzantine\nBorrowed from Late Latin bȳzantīnus, from Bȳzantium, from Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion). The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantine imperial court.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more Byzantine",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most Byzantine",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "byzantine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Byzantian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Byzantinan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Bizantian",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "Bizantine",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Byzantine (comparative more Byzantine, superlative most Byzantine)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to Byzantium."
],
"id": "en-Byzantine-en-adj-A-kkPbdL",
"links": [
[
"Byzantium",
"Byzantium"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "byuzandakan",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "բյուզանդական"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantín"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vizantýjski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "візанты́йскі"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantí"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "byzantský"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "byzantinsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Byzantijns"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bysanttilainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "byzantin"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "byzantinisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "vyzantinós",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "βυζαντινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizánci"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Biosántach"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantisks"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "vizantiski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "византиски"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Bizantium"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bysantinsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bysantinsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantin"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"alt": "ḥlʿmʾdyk /hrōmāyīg/",
"code": "pal",
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantyjski"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantyński"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantin"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vizantíjskij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "византи́йский"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizàntīnskī"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantínski"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bysantinsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Bizans"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vizantíjsʹkyj",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "візанті́йський"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 12 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Bysantaidd"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "History",
"orig": "en:History",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
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"word": "bizantí"
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{
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"word": "byzantinsk"
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"lang_code": "fi",
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"word": "bysanttilainen"
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"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "byzantin"
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{
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"code": "grc",
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{
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"code": "he",
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{
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{
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"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bysantinsk"
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{
"_dis1": "2 57 24 1 0 0 16",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
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{
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}
]
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"code": "ast",
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"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bizantín"
},
{
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"code": "da",
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"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "byzantinsk"
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{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 87 1 1 5",
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"lang_code": "fi",
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"word": "bysanttilainen"
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{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 87 1 1 5",
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"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
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{
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],
"word": "византиски"
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{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 87 1 1 5",
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"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bysantinsk"
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"_dis1": "0 4 2 87 1 1 5",
"code": "pl",
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"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bizantyjski"
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{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 87 1 1 5",
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},
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[
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"text": "It’s also important to note that this analysis deals solely with intrinsic failure, or the odds of a conspiracy being exposed intentionally or accidentally by actors involved—extrinsic analysis by non-participants would also increase the odds of detection, rendering such Byzantine cover-ups far more likely to fail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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148,
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],
"ref": "2020 June 23, John Bolton, The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 239:",
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}
],
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[
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],
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"(figurative, often lower-case) Devious and stealthy."
],
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"tags": [
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"lowercase",
"often"
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{
"_dis1": "2 13 12 7 1 52 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
"word": "byzantinisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 13 12 7 1 52 13",
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"lang_code": "pl",
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},
{
"_dis1": "2 13 12 7 1 52 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
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],
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{
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"tags": [
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],
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}
],
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}
],
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},
{
"ipa": "/baɪˈzæntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntiːn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Byzantine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg/En-us-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Byzantine-2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-Byzantine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg/En-au-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
}
],
"word": "Byzantine"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰuǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuǵ-"
],
[
"*būzas",
"Reconstruction:Thracian/būzas"
],
[
"Βῡ́ζᾱς",
"Βύζας#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"-ῐος",
"-ιος#Ancient_Greek:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ῐον",
"-ιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον",
"Βυζάντιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Bȳzantium",
"Byzantium#Latin"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-iHnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives_of_materials"
],
[
"*-īnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-īnos"
],
[
"-īnus",
"-inus#Latin"
],
[
"bȳzantīnus",
"byzantinus#Latin"
],
[
"bȳzantīnus",
"byzantinus#Latin"
],
[
"Bȳzantium",
"Byzantium#Latin"
],
[
"Βυζάντιον",
"Βυζάντιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"palace intrigue",
"palace intrigue"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-lat:bȳzantīnus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-der.\nThracian *būzasder.\nAncient Greek Βῡ́ζᾱς (Bū́zās)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)\nAncient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon)bor.\nLatin Bȳzantium\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnus\nLate Latin bȳzantīnusder.\nEnglish Byzantine\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuǵ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Thracian\", \"term\" : \"*būzas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"txh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"Βῡ́ζᾱς\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"Bȳzantium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"bȳzantīnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Byzantine\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Byzantine\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "bȳzantīnus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin bȳzantīnus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Βυζάντιον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-der.\nThracian *būzasder.\nAncient Greek Βῡ́ζᾱς (Bū́zās)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)\nAncient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon)bor.\nLatin Bȳzantium\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnus\nLate Latin bȳzantīnusder.\nEnglish Byzantine\nBorrowed from Late Latin bȳzantīnus, from Bȳzantium, from Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion). The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantine imperial court.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Byzantines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byzantine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Byzantian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Byzantinan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Bizantian",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "Bizantine",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine (countable and uncountable, plural Byzantines)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire"
],
"id": "en-Byzantine-en-noun-DYCRMlG9",
"links": [
[
"Byzantium",
"Byzantium"
],
[
"Istanbul",
"Istanbul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "byuzandacʻi",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "բյուզանդացի"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "hoṙom",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "հոռոմ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantí"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bizantina"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Byzantinec"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "byzantiner"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Byzantijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "bysanttilainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Byzantin"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Byzantine"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Byzantiner"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Byzantinerin"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "Vyzantinós",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Βυζαντινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "Vyzantiní",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Βυζαντινή"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Biosántach"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "Vizantiec",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Византиец"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "Vizantijka",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Византијка"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Bizantyjczyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Bizantyńczyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bizantyjka"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bizantina"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantin"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vizantíjec",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "византи́ец"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vizantíjka",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "византи́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bizantínac"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bizàntīnka"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bizantina"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "Bizanslı"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vizantýjecʹ",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "візанти́єць"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vizantýjka",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "візанти́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bysantiad"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "coin",
"word": "byzantine"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of byzantine (coin)"
],
"id": "en-Byzantine-en-noun-T1nQy5XB",
"links": [
[
"numismatics",
"numismatics"
],
[
"byzantine",
"byzantine#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(numismatics) Alternative form of byzantine (coin)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"numismatics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A dark, metallic shade of violet."
],
"id": "en-Byzantine-en-noun-Htfo2OfW",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɪˈzæntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baɪˈzæntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntiːn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Byzantine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg/En-us-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Byzantine-2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-Byzantine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg/En-au-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
}
],
"word": "Byzantine"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from Thracian",
"English terms derived from toponyms",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Rhymes:English/iːn",
"Rhymes:English/iːn/3 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Middle Persian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Byzantine Empire",
"en:Coins",
"en:Demonyms",
"en:Historical currencies",
"en:Purples"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Byzantine attack"
},
{
"word": "Byzantine Empire"
},
{
"word": "Byzantine fault tolerance"
},
{
"word": "Byzantine fire"
},
{
"word": "Byzantine scale"
},
{
"word": "Byzantinist"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰuǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuǵ-"
],
[
"*būzas",
"Reconstruction:Thracian/būzas"
],
[
"Βῡ́ζᾱς",
"Βύζας#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"-ῐος",
"-ιος#Ancient_Greek:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ῐον",
"-ιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον",
"Βυζάντιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Bȳzantium",
"Byzantium#Latin"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-iHnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives_of_materials"
],
[
"*-īnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-īnos"
],
[
"-īnus",
"-inus#Latin"
],
[
"bȳzantīnus",
"byzantinus#Latin"
],
[
"bȳzantīnus",
"byzantinus#Latin"
],
[
"Bȳzantium",
"Byzantium#Latin"
],
[
"Βυζάντιον",
"Βυζάντιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"palace intrigue",
"palace intrigue"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-lat:bȳzantīnus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-der.\nThracian *būzasder.\nAncient Greek Βῡ́ζᾱς (Bū́zās)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)\nAncient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon)bor.\nLatin Bȳzantium\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnus\nLate Latin bȳzantīnusder.\nEnglish Byzantine\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuǵ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Thracian\", \"term\" : \"*būzas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"txh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"Βῡ́ζᾱς\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"Bȳzantium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"bȳzantīnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Byzantine\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Byzantine\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "bȳzantīnus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin bȳzantīnus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Βυζάντιον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-der.\nThracian *būzasder.\nAncient Greek Βῡ́ζᾱς (Bū́zās)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)\nAncient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon)bor.\nLatin Bȳzantium\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnus\nLate Latin bȳzantīnusder.\nEnglish Byzantine\nBorrowed from Late Latin bȳzantīnus, from Bȳzantium, from Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion). The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantine imperial court.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more Byzantine",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most Byzantine",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "byzantine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Byzantian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Byzantinan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Bizantian",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "Bizantine",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Byzantine (comparative more Byzantine, superlative most Byzantine)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to Byzantium."
],
"links": [
[
"Byzantium",
"Byzantium"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:History"
],
"glosses": [
"Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul."
],
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
],
[
"Eastern Roman Empire",
"Eastern Roman Empire"
],
[
"Constantinople",
"Constantinople"
],
[
"Istanbul",
"Istanbul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(history) Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul."
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Architecture"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a style of architecture prevalent in the Eastern Empire down to 1453, marked by the round arch springing from columns or piers, the dome supported upon pendentives, capitals elaborately sculptured, mosaic or other encrustations, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"dome",
"dome"
],
[
"pendentive",
"pendentive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) Of a style of architecture prevalent in the Eastern Empire down to 1453, marked by the round arch springing from columns or piers, the dome supported upon pendentives, capitals elaborately sculptured, mosaic or other encrustations, etc."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
11
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "a Byzantine system of regulations",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
13
]
],
"ref": "2014 July 1, Julia Powles, “The byzantine, meandering discussion on the future of the internet”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "The byzantine, meandering processes of Icann are engineered in a way that avoids any dissent surfacing, all under the reassuring guise of consensus.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
106
]
],
"ref": "2017 November 3, Julia Rampen, “A week in Pestminster”, in New Statesman:",
"text": "Those following what has been dubbed “Pestminster” may nevertheless struggle to keep up with the Byzantine internal reporting structures, the range of accusations being levied and the sheer number of MPs involved.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Overly complex or intricate, especially of bureaucracy."
],
"links": [
[
"complex",
"complex"
],
[
"intricate",
"intricate"
],
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, often lower-case) Overly complex or intricate, especially of bureaucracy."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"lowercase",
"often"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
71
]
],
"ref": "1978 [1976], Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P[aul] S[teven] Falla, Main Currents of Marxism, volume III: The Breakdown, Oxford: Clarendon Press, translation of Główne nurty marksizmu: rozkład (in Polish), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 92:",
"text": "Novelists, poets, and film directors vied with one another in Byzantine adulation of Stalin: this reached its peak in the post-war years, but was already highly developed in the period we are considering.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rigid, unceasing, inflexible."
],
"links": [
[
"Rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"unceasing",
"unceasing"
],
[
"inflexible",
"inflexible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, often lower-case) Rigid, unceasing, inflexible."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"lowercase",
"often"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
272,
281
]
],
"ref": "2016 January 26, David Robert Grimes, “On the Viability of Conspiratorial Beliefs”, in PLOS One, volume 11, number 1, page 9:",
"text": "It’s also important to note that this analysis deals solely with intrinsic failure, or the odds of a conspiracy being exposed intentionally or accidentally by actors involved—extrinsic analysis by non-participants would also increase the odds of detection, rendering such Byzantine cover-ups far more likely to fail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
148,
157
]
],
"ref": "2020 June 23, John Bolton, The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 239:",
"text": "I never went through a time when more people told me not to trust other people on an issue. Perhaps they were all right. The internal politics were byzantine, much of it played out in the media.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Devious and stealthy."
],
"links": [
[
"Devious",
"devious#English"
],
[
"stealthy",
"stealthy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, often lower-case) Devious and stealthy."
],
"senseid": [
"en:devious stealthy"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"lowercase",
"often"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Catholicism",
"en:Eastern Orthodoxy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
70,
79
]
],
"ref": "1920 October, Edith Wharton, In Morocco, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 180:",
"text": "This was the crowning incident of our visit, and I wondered with what Byzantine ritual the Anointed One fresh from the exercise of his priestly functions would be received among his women.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the Byzantine Rite or any of the many Eastern Orthodox churches and Greek Catholic churches that use this rite for their liturgical celebrations."
],
"links": [
[
"Catholicism",
"Catholicism"
],
[
"Eastern Orthodox",
"Eastern Orthodox"
],
[
"Greek Catholic",
"Greek Catholic"
]
],
"qualifier": "Eastern Orthodoxy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism) Of or relating to the Byzantine Rite or any of the many Eastern Orthodox churches and Greek Catholic churches that use this rite for their liturgical celebrations."
],
"topics": [
"Catholicism",
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɪˈzæntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baɪˈzæntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntiːn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Byzantine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg/En-us-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg",
"tags": [
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]
},
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-Byzantine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg/En-au-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "Byzantiac"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "byuzandakan",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "բյուզանդական"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantín"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vizantýjski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "візанты́йскі"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantí"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "byzantský"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "byzantinsk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Byzantijns"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bysanttilainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "byzantin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "byzantinisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "vyzantinós",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "βυζαντινός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizánci"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Biosántach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantisks"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "vizantiski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "византиски"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Bizantium"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bysantinsk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bysantinsk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantin"
},
{
"alt": "ḥlʿmʾdyk /hrōmāyīg/",
"code": "pal",
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantyjski"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantyński"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantin"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vizantíjskij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "византи́йский"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizàntīnskī"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantínski"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "bysantinsk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Bizans"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vizantíjsʹkyj",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "візанті́йський"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
"word": "Bysantaidd"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "byuzandakan",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "բյուզանդական"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bizantí"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "byzantinsk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bysanttilainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "byzantin"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "Būzăntĭăkós",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "Βῡζᾰντῐᾰκός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "ביזנטי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bizánci"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "Biosántach"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "Vizantiec",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "Византиец"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bysantinsk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bizantyjski"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bizantyński"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bizantin"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vizantíjec",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "византи́ец"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "Bizantínac"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"word": "Bizans"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vizantýjecʹ",
"sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "візанти́єць"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bizantín"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "byzantinsk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bysanttilainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "byzantin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "byzantinisch"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "vizantiski",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "византиски"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bysantinsk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bizantyjski"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bizantyński"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vizantíjskij",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "византи́йский"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bizàntīnskī"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "farragoso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "bysantinsk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "overly complex or intricate",
"word": "karmakarışık"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
"word": "byzantinisch"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
"word": "bizantyjski"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
"word": "bizantyński"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
"word": "sibilino"
}
],
"word": "Byzantine"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from Thracian",
"English terms derived from toponyms",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Rhymes:English/iːn",
"Rhymes:English/iːn/3 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Middle Persian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Byzantine Empire",
"en:Coins",
"en:Demonyms",
"en:Historical currencies",
"en:Purples"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰuǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuǵ-"
],
[
"*būzas",
"Reconstruction:Thracian/būzas"
],
[
"Βῡ́ζᾱς",
"Βύζας#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"-ῐος",
"-ιος#Ancient_Greek:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ῐον",
"-ιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον",
"Βυζάντιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Bȳzantium",
"Byzantium#Latin"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-iHnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives_of_materials"
],
[
"*-īnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-īnos"
],
[
"-īnus",
"-inus#Latin"
],
[
"bȳzantīnus",
"byzantinus#Latin"
],
[
"bȳzantīnus",
"byzantinus#Latin"
],
[
"Bȳzantium",
"Byzantium#Latin"
],
[
"Βυζάντιον",
"Βυζάντιον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"palace intrigue",
"palace intrigue"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-lat:bȳzantīnus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-der.\nThracian *būzasder.\nAncient Greek Βῡ́ζᾱς (Bū́zās)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)\nAncient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon)bor.\nLatin Bȳzantium\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnus\nLate Latin bȳzantīnusder.\nEnglish Byzantine\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuǵ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Thracian\", \"term\" : \"*būzas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"txh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"Βῡ́ζᾱς\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"Bȳzantium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"bȳzantīnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Byzantine\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Byzantine\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "bȳzantīnus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin bȳzantīnus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Βυζάντιον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-der.\nThracian *būzasder.\nAncient Greek Βῡ́ζᾱς (Bū́zās)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)\nAncient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon)bor.\nLatin Bȳzantium\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnus\nLate Latin bȳzantīnusder.\nEnglish Byzantine\nBorrowed from Late Latin bȳzantīnus, from Bȳzantium, from Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion). The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantine imperial court.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Byzantines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byzantine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Byzantian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Byzantinan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Bizantian",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "Bizantine",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine (countable and uncountable, plural Byzantines)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire"
],
"links": [
[
"Byzantium",
"Byzantium"
],
[
"Istanbul",
"Istanbul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "coin",
"word": "byzantine"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of byzantine (coin)"
],
"links": [
[
"numismatics",
"numismatics"
],
[
"byzantine",
"byzantine#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(numismatics) Alternative form of byzantine (coin)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"numismatics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A dark, metallic shade of violet."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɪˈzæntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/baɪˈzæntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntiːn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntaɪn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Byzantine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg/En-us-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Byzantine-2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-Byzantine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg/En-au-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "byuzandacʻi",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "բյուզանդացի"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "hoṙom",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "հոռոմ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantí"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bizantina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Byzantinec"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "byzantiner"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Byzantijn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "bysanttilainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Byzantin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Byzantine"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Byzantiner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Byzantinerin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "Vyzantinós",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Βυζαντινός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "Vyzantiní",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Βυζαντινή"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Biosántach"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "Vizantiec",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Византиец"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "Vizantijka",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Византијка"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Bizantyjczyk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Bizantyńczyk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bizantyjka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bizantina"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantin"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vizantíjec",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "византи́ец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vizantíjka",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "византи́йка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bizantínac"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bizàntīnka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bizantino"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bizantina"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"word": "Bizanslı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vizantýjecʹ",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "візанти́єць"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vizantýjka",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "візанти́йка"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bysantiad"
}
],
"word": "Byzantine"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Byzantine meaning in All languages combined (40.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.